Carefully consider the implementation and business model for kiosk activities to be successful. The District Metering Area (DMA) and Kiosks demonstration included the construction of 10 kiosks with storage tanks. The endline evaluation concluded that overall, the kiosks were not operating as anticipated due to limited piped water supply. Low levels of water production and storage, resulting in rationing and intermittent supply, undermined the DMA and Kiosks Activity model. The water supply and production issues were outside the scope of the threshold program to address. Some kiosks were also located near standpipes that provided water for free. In addition, the main contractor hired to implement the institutional strengthening activities was also the firm responsible for design and supervision of the DMA works. They lacked capacity and experience with establishing and implementing DMAs and it took them a long time to get up and running on that task. A case could also be made for a single separate DMA and Kiosks design and build type project that could have been tendered much earlier. Though the DMA designer was also the DMA construction supervisor, it might have been better if the designer also had a vested interest in seeing that the DMAs became operational. The implementing consultant could then have worked with the utility on the DMA and Kiosks operations. This may have also led to more time to demonstrate to the utility the benefit of having DMAs.
Lesson Learned